Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-valence-group

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Hg: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hg}} → −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)
Hs: {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state|symbol=Hs}} → (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[1]Template:Fricke1975^[2] (Template:Engvar: prediction)

Comment options[edit source]


Template:Navbar-collapsible
`\|comment=` options (as of November 2018):
comment=acidic	(an acidic oxide)
comment=mildly acidic	(a mildly acidic oxide)
comment=strongly acidic	(a strongly acidic oxide)
comment=amphoteric	(an amphoteric oxide)
comment=basic	(a basic oxide)
comment=weakly basic	(a weakly basic oxide)
comment=mildly basic	(a mildly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic	(a strongly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic expected	(expected to have a strongly basic oxide) -- Ra
comment=oxidizes oxygen	(oxidizes oxygen) -- F
comment=depending	(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) -- Cr, Mn
comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic	(rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) -- Xe
comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide	(rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) -- Kr

comment=parenthesized	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
comment=predicted	(predicted)
comment=<any text>	<any text>, including blank

WP:ENGVAR (set `\|engvar=` in article page)
By default, element articles (and so infoboxes) are in `en-US`. In article space, one can call an infobox with `\|engvar=en-GB, en-OED`, which changes these spellings
`comment=parenthesized`
`\|engvar=`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-US (default)`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-GB`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-OED`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-FOO`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)

Data[edit source]

Template:Navbar-collapsible
Z	Name	Symbol	complete	main	group	val	note

1	H: Hydrogen	H	−1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide)	−1, +1	1	I
2	He: Helium	He	0	0	18	0
3	Li: Lithium	Li	+1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
4	Be: Beryllium	Be	0,^[3] +1,^[4] +2 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2	2	II
5	B: Boron	B	−5, −1, 0,^[5] +1, +2, +3^[6]^[7] (a mildly acidic oxide)	+3	13	III
6	C: Carbon	C	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[8] +2, +3,^[9] +4^[10] (a mildly acidic oxide)	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4	14	IV
7	N: Nitrogen	N	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[11] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−3, +3, +5	15	V
8	O: Oxygen	O	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2	−2	16	VI
9	F: Fluorine	F	−1, 0^[12] (oxidizes oxygen)	−1	17	VII
10	Ne: Neon	Ne	0	0	18	0
11	Na: Sodium	Na	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
12	Mg: Magnesium	Mg	0,^[13] +1,^[14] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II
13	Al: Aluminium	Al	−2, −1, +1,^[15] +2,^[16] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III
14	Si: Silicon	Si	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[17] +1,^[18] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	−4, +4	14	IV
15	P: Phosphorus	P	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[19] +1,^[20] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	−3, +3, +5	15	V
16	S: Sulfur	S	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI
17	Cl: Chlorine	Cl	−1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7	17	VII
18	Ar: Argon	Ar	0	0	18	0
19	K: Potassium	K	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
20	Ca: Calcium	Ca	+1,^[21] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II
21	Sc: Scandium	Sc	0,^[22] +1,^[23] +2,^[24] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	3	III
22	Ti: Titanium	Ti	−2, −1, 0,^[25] +1, +2, +3, +4^[26] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4	4	IV
23	V: Vanadium	V	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4, +5	5	V
24	Cr: Chromium	Cr	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +6	6	VI
25	Mn: Manganese	Mn	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3, +4, +6, +7	7	VII
26	Fe: Iron	Fe	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[27] +2, +3, +4, +5,^[28] +6, +7^[29] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3	8	VIII
27	Co: Cobalt	Co	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5^[30] (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +3	9	VIII
28	Ni: Nickel	Ni	−2, −1, 0, +1,^[31] +2, +3, +4^[32] (a mildly basic oxide)	+2	10	VIII
29	Cu: Copper	Cu	−2, 0,^[33] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +2	11	I
30	Zn: Zinc	Zn	−2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2	12	II
31	Ga: Gallium	Ga	−5, −4, −3,^[34] −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3^[35] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III
32	Ge: Germanium	Ge	−4 −3, −2, −1, 0,^[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	−4, +2, +4	14	IV
33	As: Arsenic	As	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[37] +1,^[38] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	−3, +3, +5	15	V
34	Se: Selenium	Se	−2, −1, 0,^[39] +1,^[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI
35	Br: Bromine	Br	−1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−1, +1, +3, +5	17	VII
36	Kr: Krypton	Kr	0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown)	0	18	0
37	Rb: Rubidium	Rb	−1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
38	Sr: Strontium	Sr	+1,^[41] +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II
39	Y: Yttrium	Y	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	3	III
40	Zr: Zirconium	Zr	−2, 0, +1,^[43] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	4	IV
41	Nb: Niobium	Nb	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+5	5	V
42	Mo: Molybdenum	Mo	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1,^[44] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide)	+4, +6	6	VI
43	Tc: Technetium	Tc	−3, −1, 0, +1,^[45] +2, +3,^[45] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide)	+4, +7	7	VII
44	Ru: Ruthenium	Ru	−4, −2, 0, +1,^[46] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+3, +4	8	VIII
45	Rh: Rhodium	Rh	−3^[47], −1, 0, +1,^[48] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	9	VIII
46	Pd: Palladium	Pd	0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	0, +2, +4	10	VIII
47	Ag: Silver	Ag	−2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)	+1	11	I
48	Cd: Cadmium	Cd	−2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2	12	II
49	In: Indium	In	−5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3^[49] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	13	III
50	Sn: Tin	Sn	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,^[50] +1,^[51] +2, +3,^[52] +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	−4, +2, +4	14	IV
51	Sb: Antimony	Sb	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[53] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	−3, +3, +5	15	V
52	Te: Tellurium	Te	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)	−2, +2, +4, +6	16	VI
53	I: Iodine	I	−1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide)	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7	17	VII
54	Xe: Xenon	Xe	0, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide)	0	18	0
55	Cs: Caesium	Cs	−1, +1^[54] (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
56	Ba: Barium	Ba	+1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II
57	La: Lanthanum	La	0,^[42] +1,^[55] +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
58	Ce: Cerium	Ce	+1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3, +4	n/a	-
59	Pr: Praseodymium	Pr	0,^[42] +1,^[56] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
60	Nd: Neodymium	Nd	0,^[42] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
61	Pm: Promethium	Pm	+2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
62	Sm: Samarium	Sm	0,^[42] +1,^[57] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
63	Eu: Europium	Eu	0,^[42] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2, +3	n/a	-
64	Gd: Gadolinium	Gd	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
65	Tb: Terbium	Tb	0,^[42] +1,^[55] +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
66	Dy: Dysprosium	Dy	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
67	Ho: Holmium	Ho	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
68	Er: Erbium	Er	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
69	Tm: Thulium	Tm	0,^[42] +1,^[55] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
70	Yb: Ytterbium	Yb	0,^[42] +1,^[55] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
71	Lu: Lutetium	Lu	0,^[42] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)	+3	3	III
72	Hf: Hafnium	Hf	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	4	IV
73	Ta: Tantalum	Ta	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+5	5	V
74	W: Tungsten	W	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+4, +6	6	VI
75	Re: Rhenium	Re	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+4	7	VII
76	Os: Osmium	Os	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+4	8	VIII
77	Ir: Iridium	Ir	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9^[58]	+3, +4	9	VIII
78	Pt: Platinum	Pt	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide)	+2, +4	10	VIII
79	Au: Gold	Au	−3, −2, −1, 0,^[59] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)	+1, +3	11	I
80	Hg: Mercury (element)	Hg	−2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +2	12	II
81	Tl: Thallium	Tl	−5,^[60] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)	+1, +3	13	III
82	Pb: Lead	Pb	−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)	+2, +4	14	IV
83	Bi: Bismuth	Bi	−3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)	+3	15	V
84	Po: Polonium	Po	−2, +2, +4, +5,^[61] +6 (an amphoteric oxide)	−2, +2, +4	16	VI
85	At: Astatine	At	−1, +1, +3, +5, +7^[62]	−1, +1	17	VII
86	Rn: Radon	Rn	0, +2, +6	0	18	0
87	Fr: Francium	Fr	+1 (a strongly basic oxide)	+1	1	I
88	Ra: Radium	Ra	+2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide)	+2	2	II
89	Ac: Actinium	Ac	+2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide)	+3	n/a	-
90	Th: Thorium	Th	+1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)	+4	n/a	-
91	Pa: Protactinium	Pa	+2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide)	+5	n/a	-
92	U: Uranium	U	+1, +2, +3,^[63] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4, +6	n/a	-
93	Np: Neptunium	Np	+2, +3, +4,^[64] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)	+5	n/a	-
94	Pu: Plutonium	Pu	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide)	+4	n/a	-
95	Am: Americium	Am	+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	n/a	-
96	Cm: Curium	Cm	+3, +4, +5,^[65] +6^[66] (an amphoteric oxide)	+3	n/a	-
97	Bk: Berkelium	Bk	+2, +3, +4, +5^[65]	+3	n/a	-
98	Cf: Californium	Cf	+2, +3, +4, +5^[67]^[65]	+3	n/a	-
99	Es: Einsteinium	Es	+2, +3, +4	+3	n/a	-
100	Fm: Fermium	Fm	+2, +3	+3	n/a	-
101	Md: Mendelevium	Md	+2, +3	+3	n/a	-
102	No: Nobelium	No	+2, +3	+2	n/a	-
103	Lr: Lawrencium	Lr	+3	+3	3	III
104	Rf: Rutherfordium	Rf	(+2), (+3), +4^[68]^[69]Template:Fricke1975 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	(+3), +4 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	4	IV
105	Db: Dubnium	Db	(+3), (+4), +5^[69]Template:Fricke1975 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	+5	5	V
106	Sg: Seaborgium	Sg	0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6^[69]Template:Fricke1975 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	(+4), +6 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	6	VI
107	Bh: Bohrium	Bh	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7^[69]Template:Fricke1975 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Template:Engvar: prediction)	7	VII
108	Hs: Hassium	Hs	(+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8^[70]Template:Fricke1975^[2] (Template:Engvar: prediction)	(+3), (+4) (Template:Engvar: prediction)	8	VIII
109	Mt: Meitnerium	Mt	(+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)^[69]^[71]^[72]Template:Fricke1975	(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted)	9	VIII
110	Ds: Darmstadtium	Ds	(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[69]Template:Fricke1975	(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted)	10	VIII
111	Rg: Roentgenium	Rg	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)^[69]Template:Fricke1975^[73]	(+3) (predicted)	11	I
112	Cn: Copernicium	Cn	0, (+1), +2, (+4), (+6) (Template:Engvar: prediction)^[69]^[74]Template:Fricke1975^[75]	0, +2	12	II
113	Nh: Nihonium	Nh	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)^[69]Template:Fricke1975^[76]	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	13	III
114	Fl: Flerovium	Fl	(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)^[69]Template:Fricke1975^[77]	(+2) (predicted)	14	IV
115	Mc: Moscovium	Mc	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[69]Template:Fricke1975	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	15	V
116	Lv: Livermorium	Lv	(−2),^[78] (+2), (+4) (predicted)^[69]	(+2) (predicted)	16	VI
117	Ts: Tennessine	Ts	(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)Template:Fricke1975^[69]	(+1), (+3) (predicted)	17	VII
118	Og: Oganesson	Og	(−1),^[69] (0), (+1),^[79] (+2),^[80] (+4),^[80] (+6)^[69] (predicted)	(+2), (+4) (predicted)	18	0
119	Uue: Ununennium	Uue	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[69]	(+1) (predicted)	1	I
120	Ubn: Unbinilium	Ubn	(+1),^[81] (+2), (+4) (predicted)^[69]	(+2) (predicted)	2	II
121	Ubu: Unbiunium	Ubu	(+1), (+3) (predicted)^[69]^[82]	(+3) (predicted)	n/a	-
122	Ubb: Unbibium	Ubb	(+4) (predicted)^[83]	(+4) (predicted)	n/a	-
123	Ubt: Unbitrium	Ubt	(+5) (predicted)^[83]	(+5) (predicted)	n/a	-
124	Ubq: Unbiquadium	Ubq	(+6) (predicted)^[83]	(+6) (predicted)	n/a	-
125	Ubp: Unbipentium	Ubp	(+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)^[83]	(+6), (+7) (predicted)	n/a	-
126	Ubh: Unbihexium	Ubh	(+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)^[83]	(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)	n/a	-

References[edit source]

↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1691. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Düllmann, C. E. (2008). Investigation of group 8 metallocenes @ TASCA (PDF). 7th Workshop on Recoil Separator for Superheavy Element Chemistry TASCA 08. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
↑ Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found". Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.
↑ "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
↑ Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in Deutsch). p. 139.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
↑ Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH₂N₄ (two atoms N(0)) is given in Ronald A. Henry and William G. Finnegan, "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole", _J. Am. Chem. Soc._ (1954), 76, 1, 290–291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086.
↑ Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF₇' Is Actually AuF₅·F₂". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13). 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s.
↑ Mg(0) has been synthesized in a compound containing a Na₂Mg₂²⁺ cluster coordinated to a bulky organic ligand; see Rösch, B.; Gentner, T. X.; Eyselein, J.; Langer, J.; Elsen, H.; Li, W.; Harder, S. (2021). "Strongly reducing magnesium(0) complexes". Nature. 592 (7856): 717–721. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..717R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03401-w. PMID 33911274. S2CID 233447380
↑ Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620.. See also Low valent magnesium compounds.
↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190 (2): 341–352. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582. PMID 9668026.
↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
↑ Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
↑ F. Geoffrey N. Cloke; Karl Khan & Robin N. Perutz (1991). "η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II)". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (19): 1372–1373. doi:10.1039/C39910001372.
↑ Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015. S2CID 96908213.
↑ McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33 (5): 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452.
↑ Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G., Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium–sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO)₆: [Ti(CO)₄(S₂CNR₂)]⁻". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639–2641. doi:10.1039/B700808B. PMID 17579764.
↑ Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF). J. Chem. Phys. 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode:2003JChPh.118.3543A. doi:10.1063/1.1539848.
↑ Ram, R. S.; Bernath, P. F. (2003). "Fourier transform emission spectroscopy of the g⁴Δ–a⁴Δ system of FeCl". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 221 (2): 261. Bibcode:2003JMoSp.221..261R. doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X.
↑ Demazeau, G.; Buffat, B.; Pouchard, M.; Hagenmuller, P. (1982). "Recent developments in the field of high oxidation states of transition elements in oxides stabilization of six-coordinated Iron(V)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 491: 60–66. doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910109.
↑ Lu, J.; Jian, J.; Huang, W.; Lin, H.; Li, J; Zhou, M. (2016). "Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe(VII) oxidation state in FeO₄⁻". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 18 (45): 31125–31131. Bibcode:2016PCCP...1831125L. doi:10.1039/C6CP06753K. PMID 27812577.
↑ Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
↑ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (18): 3357–61. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862. PMID 19322853.
↑ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (2): 290–4. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435. PMID 19021174.
↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)_x(Si,Ge)_1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in Deutsch). 66b: 1107–1121.
↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (in Deutsch). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. hdl:20.500.11850/143357. ISBN 978-3728125972.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ Abraham, Mariham Y.; Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; Shaefer III, Henry F.; Schleyer, P. von R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2010). "Carbene Stabilization of Diarsenic: From Hypervalency to Allotropy". Chemistry: A European Journal. 16 (2): 432–5. doi:10.1002/chem.200902840. PMID 19937872.
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2004). "Stabilized Arsenic(I) Iodide: A Ready Source of Arsenic Iodide Fragments and a Useful Reagent for the Generation of Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (19): 5981–6. doi:10.1021/ic049281s. PMID 15360247.
↑ A Se(0) atom has been identified using DFT in [ReOSe(2-pySe)₃]; see Cargnelutti, Roberta; Lang, Ernesto S.; Piquini, Paulo; Abram, Ulrich (2014). "Synthesis and structure of [ReOSe(2-Se-py)3]: A rhenium(V) complex with selenium(0) as a ligand". Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 45: 48–50. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2014.04.003. ISSN 1387-7003.
↑ Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Colarusso, P.; Guo, B.; Zhang, K.-Q.; Bernath, P. F. (1996). "High-Resolution Infrared Emission Spectrum of Strontium Monofluoride" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 175 (1): 158. Bibcode:1996JMoSp.175..158C. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019.
↑ ^42.00 ^42.01 ^42.02 ^42.03 ^42.04 ^42.05 ^42.06 ^42.07 ^42.08 ^42.09 ^42.10 ^42.11 ^42.12 ^42.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
↑ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ "Molybdenum: molybdenum(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ ^45.0 ^45.1 "Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
↑ "Rhodium: rhodium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Guloy, A. M.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Two Lanthanum Indium Germanides with Novel Structures and Properties". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (9): 2616–22. doi:10.1021/ic951378e. PMID 11666477.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
↑ Anastas Sidiropoulos. "Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements" (PDF). p. 39. doi:10.4225/03/5B0F4BDF98F60. S2CID 132399530.
↑ Dye, J. L. (1979). "Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 18 (8): 587–598. doi:10.1002/anie.197905871.
↑ ^55.0 ^55.1 ^55.2 ^55.3 La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB₈⁻ clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12: 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9.
↑ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
↑ SmB6- cluster anion has been reported and contains Sm in rare oxidation state of +1; see Paul, J. Robinson; Xinxing, Zhang; Tyrel, McQueen; Kit, H. Bowen; Anastassia, N. Alexandrova (2017). "SmB₆^– Cluster Anion: Covalency Involving f Orbitals". J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 8, 1849–1854. 121 (8): 1849–1854..
↑ Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian (2014). "Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX". Nature. 514 (7523): 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. doi:10.1038/nature13795. PMID 25341786. S2CID 4463905.
↑ Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel (1999). "Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (21): 3194–3197. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10556900.
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 78. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
↑ Morss, L.R.; Edelstein, N.M.; Fuger, J., eds. (2006). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-9048131464.
↑ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Dutkiewicz, Michał S.; Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Arnold, Polly L (2017). "Reduction chemistry of neptunium cyclopentadienide complexes: from structure to understanding". Chem. Sci. 8 (4): 2553–2561. doi:10.1039/C7SC00034K. PMC 5431675. PMID 28553487.
↑ ^65.0 ^65.1 ^65.2 Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. American Chemical Society. 57 (15): 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. OSTI 1631597. PMID 30040397. S2CID 51717837.
↑ Domanov, V. P.; Lobanov, Yu. V. (October 2011). "Formation of volatile curium(VI) trioxide CmO₃". Radiochemistry. SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. 53 (5): 453–6. doi:10.1134/S1066362211050018. S2CID 98052484.
↑ Template:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
↑ "Rutherfordium". Royal Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
↑ ^69.00 ^69.01 ^69.02 ^69.03 ^69.04 ^69.05 ^69.06 ^69.07 ^69.08 ^69.09 ^69.10 ^69.11 ^69.12 ^69.13 ^69.14 ^69.15 ^69.16 ^69.17 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1691. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
↑ Ionova, G. V.; Ionova, I. S.; Mikhalko, V. K.; Gerasimova, G. A.; Kostrubov, Yu. N.; Suraeva, N. I. (2004). "Halides of Tetravalent Transactinides (Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, 110th Element): Physicochemical Properties". Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 30 (5): 352. doi:10.1023/B:RUCO.0000026006.39497.82. S2CID 96127012.
↑ Himmel, Daniel; Knapp, Carsten; Patzschke, Michael; Riedel, Sebastian (2010). "How Far Can We Go? Quantum-Chemical Investigations of Oxidation State +IX". ChemPhysChem. 11 (4): 865–9. doi:10.1002/cphc.200900910. PMID 20127784.
↑ Conradie, Jeanet; Ghosh, Abhik (15 June 2019). "Theoretical Search for the Highest Valence States of the Coinage Metals: Roentgenium Heptafluoride May Exist". Inorganic Chemistry. 2019 (58): 8735–8738. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01139. PMID 31203606.
↑ Gäggeler, Heinz W.; Türler, Andreas (2013). "Gas Phase Chemistry of Superheavy Elements". The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 415–483. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37466-1_8. ISBN 978-3-642-37465-4. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
↑ Hu, Shu-Xian; Zou, Wenli (23 September 2021). "Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF₆) with an oxidation state of VI+". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2022 (24): 321–325. doi:10.1039/D1CP04360A.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". In Barysz, Maria; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki (eds.). Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. Vol. 10. Springer. pp. 63–67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Seth, Michael (2002). "Relativistic Quantum Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements. Closed-Shell Element 114 as a Case Study" (PDF). Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences. 3 (1): 133–136. doi:10.14494/jnrs2000.3.133. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 83. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Han, Young-Kyu; Bae, Cheolbeom; Son, Sang-Kil; Lee, Yoon Sup (2000). "Spin–orbit effects on the transactinide p-block element monohydrides MH (M=element 113–118)". Journal of Chemical Physics. 112 (6): 2684. Bibcode:2000JChPh.112.2684H. doi:10.1063/1.480842.
↑ ^80.0 ^80.1 Kaldor, Uzi; Wilson, Stephen (2003). Theoretical Chemistry and Physics of Heavy and Superheavy Elements. Springer. p. 105. ISBN 978-1402013713. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
↑ Thayer, John S. (2010). "Relativistic Effects and the Chemistry of the Heavier Main Group Elements". Relativistic Methods for Chemists. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics. 10: 84. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8.
↑ Amador, Davi H. T.; de Oliveira, Heibbe C. B.; Sambrano, Julio R.; Gargano, Ricardo; de Macedo, Luiz Guilherme M. (12 September 2016). "4-Component correlated all-electron study on Eka-actinium Fluoride (E121F) including Gaunt interaction: Accurate analytical form, bonding and influence on rovibrational spectra". Chemical Physics Letters. 662: 169–175. Bibcode:2016CPL...662..169A. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.025.
↑ ^83.0 ^83.1 ^83.2 ^83.3 ^83.4 Pyykkö, Pekka (2011). "A suggested periodic table up to Z ≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms and ions". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13 (1): 161–8. Bibcode:2011PCCP...13..161P. doi:10.1039/c0cp01575j. PMID 20967377.


Template:Navbar-collapsible
`\|comment=` options (as of November 2018):
comment=acidic	(an acidic oxide)
comment=mildly acidic	(a mildly acidic oxide)
comment=strongly acidic	(a strongly acidic oxide)
comment=amphoteric	(an amphoteric oxide)
comment=basic	(a basic oxide)
comment=weakly basic	(a weakly basic oxide)
comment=mildly basic	(a mildly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic	(a strongly basic oxide)
comment=strongly basic expected	(expected to have a strongly basic oxide) -- Ra
comment=oxidizes oxygen	(oxidizes oxygen) -- F
comment=depending	(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) -- Cr, Mn
comment=rarely non-0, weakly acidic	(rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) -- Xe
comment=rarely non-0, unk oxide	(rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) -- Kr

comment=parenthesized	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
comment=predicted	(predicted)
comment=<any text>	<any text>, including blank

WP:ENGVAR (set `\|engvar=` in article page)
By default, element articles (and so infoboxes) are in `en-US`. In article space, one can call an infobox with `\|engvar=en-GB, en-OED`, which changes these spellings
`comment=parenthesized`
`\|engvar=`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-US (default)`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-GB`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-OED`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)
`\|engvar=en-FOO`	(Template:Engvar: prediction)

v t e Chemical element data sets
ID	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-name}} (overview IDs) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-Z}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-Z-(reverse)}} (Z-to-symbol) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-QID}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol}} (symbol self-check, formatting)
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Properties (overview)	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-metal-moid-nonmetal}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-phase}} (state of matter) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes}} (with overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration}} (Overview electron configuration) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-term-symbol}}Template:Dot(Overview; as used) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-valence-group}}
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Etymology	~~Template:Tlf~~ (deprecated, March 2022) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology}} (11x, non-trivial, overview)
enwiki	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-pagename}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-shyphen-name}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to-pronunciation}}Template:Dot(overview) {{Infobox element/symbol-to-article-quality}} (not in mainspace) {{Infobox element/symbol-from-pagename}} * {{Infobox element/symbol-to-odd-even}} (Z; to alternate table background)
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Wikidata	{{Infobox element/symbol-to-QID}}Template:Dot(overview)
nav	{{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to--overview1}}
Overviews	Template:Tla Template:Dot Template:Tla Template:Tla Template:Tla (group, period, block) Template:Tla Template:Dot Template:Tla Template:Tla Template:Tla Template:Dot Template:Tla Template:Tla Template:Dot(also: {{List of oxidation states of the elements}}, Template:Tla)
Developing	{{Infobox element/symbol-to--(blank)}} {{Infobox element/symbol-to--(118rows)}} {{Infobox element/name-to-symbol}} (inverse) ~~Template:Tlf~~ (deprecated, June 2021; block colors or none (b/w) are used)
Data hardcoded (not using these datalists)	{{element cell}} etc., in articles: element cell articles, cell-linked, cell-large, cell-property data: Template:Tla articles: Template:Tla infobox references: List of References (like m.p., b.p.)
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