Category:Mathematics for Physics in Hindi

अवकलन:

किसी चर राशि के किसी अन्य चर राशि के सम्बन्ध में तात्कालिक बदलाव की दर की गणना को अवकलन (Differentiation) कहते हैं

Constant quantity:

If the value of a quantity remains the same in a mathematical operation, it is called a constant quantity.

Examples: Integers (4, 7, 13, ...), the fraction (1/2, 4/5), π, e, etc.,

Variable quantity:

If the quantity takes different values in a mathematical operation, it is a variable quantity. Examples: (i) In the equation y = 2x + 3, x and y are variables. (ii) In the equation F = ma where F, m and a are variables.

Variable quantities are divided into two types

(a) Independent quantity.
(b) Dependent quantity. 

In the equation y = 2x + 3, x is the independent quantity, and y is the dependent quantity.

Function:

If corresponding to any given value of x, there exists a single definite value then y is called a function of x. This is represented as y = f(x). This equation means that corresponding to one value of x, there is a single definite value of the variable y. Example: (i) Let y = 2x, when x = 1 then y = 2; when x = 2 then y = 4... Thus corresponding to each value of x, there is a definite value of y.

Difference and Differential coefficient:

Let y be a function of x. This is denoted as y = f(x). Here x and y are the variables. Let the value of x change to x+△x and correspondingly the value of y changes to y+△y.

The change between the initial and final values of a variable quantity is called Difference.

Difference in x = (x+ △x) - x = △x; Difference in y =(y+△y)-y=△y

The ratio of △y/△x is called the quotient of the two increments. When Difference in x (i.e., △x) is very small i.e., almost approaching to zero, then

we write △y/△x is equal to dy/dx.

In mathematical language, we represent the above statement as:

lim(∆x→0)⁡█(∆y/∆x) =dy/dx or

Lt(∆x→0)⁡█(∆y/∆x) =dy/dx

In this equation, ∆y/∆x is the ratio of a small quantity ∆y to another small quantity ∆x. But dy/dx is a single quantity and is called the differential coefficient of y with respect to x.

dy/ dx = Lt(∆x→0)⁡█(∆y/∆x) = Lt(∆x→0)⁡█[f(x+∆x)-f(x)]/∆x

The rate of change of a dependent variable with respect to the independent variable is called the differential coefficient or derivative.

d/dx does not mean that d is divided by dx. It is a single operator called the differential operator.

Differentiation:

The process of finding the differential coefficient of a function is called differentiation.